INTRODUCTION:

Hypertension is a chronic disease, often called "The Silent Killer. This is because, generally, patients do not know that they suffer from hypertension before checking their blood pressure. This disease has symptoms that cannot be felt by humans and is the number one cold-blooded killer worldwide. In addition, hypertension affects the majority of sufferers in the world¹. Although it may be controlled and even outright banned, hypertension is one of the most common disorders in the world and poses numerous challenges for those who suffer from it. To control high BP, a variety of easy strategies may be used, including medication, lifestyle modifications, or a combination of the two². Sustained blood pressure increase is referred to as hypertension. Because hypertension is a lifelong illness, a patient should have his blood pressure tested periodically once it starts to develop.^3-8

Secondary data obtained from the Buton Regency Health Office revealed that the number of hypertension patients in Buton Regency has increased and decreased from year to year. Hypertension patients in 2018 totaled 5,593 cases, with the highest number of cases at the Pasar Wajo Public Health Center, namely 1,063 cases. The second place was the Banabungi Public Health Center, with 961 cases. The third place was the South Lasalimu Public Health Center, with 499 cases. The number of hypertension cases in 2019 increased to 52,458 cases, with the highest cases still at the Pasar Wajo Public Health Center, namely 10,159 cases. The second place was the Banabungi Public Health Center, with 9,183 cases. The third place was the South Lasalimu Public Health Center, with 4,775 cases. The number of hypertension cases in 2020 has decreased from the previous year, namely 8,794 cases, with the highest cases at the Pasar Wajo Public Health Center, namely 1,678 cases. The second place was the Banabungi Public Health Center, with 1,519 cases. The third place was the South Lasalimu Public Health Center, with 788 cases⁹.

South Lasalimu has the most visits for hypertension in Buton Regency. The researcher chose the South Lasalimu Public Health Center as the research location because the reach was easy compared to the Pasar Wajo Public Health Center and the Banabungi Public Health Center. Based on the monthly report of the South Lasalimu Public Health Center (2022), the number of cases of hypertension for the January-March 2022 period was 35 cases¹⁰.

The researchers discovered that the usual case management recommended for hypertension sufferers is taking antihypertensive drugs during a preliminary study conducted by conducting interviews with hypertension disease programmers. The treatment recommendations or actions, such as giving bay leaf decoction, have not been carried out.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this study, 35 people with high blood pressure who were seen at the South Lasalimu Public Health Center between January and March 2022 and whose records were in the center's medical record book were used.

RESULTS:

Characteristics of Respondents:

Based on the gender of respondents in the working area of South Lasalimu Public Health Center, 11(42.3%) were male and 15(57.7%) were female. Based on the age group of respondents, the most were 46-55 years old, namely 14 respondents (53.8%), and the smallest was 36-45 years old, namely 5 respondents (19.2%). The last education of the most respondents was elementary school, namely 9 respondents (34.6%), and the smallest was a bachelor's degree, namely 1 respondent (3.8%).

Based on 26 respondents during the 7-day intervention, 16 respondents whose blood pressure decreased, and 10 respondents whose blood pressure remained.

Table 1: Result of Univariate Analysis

Blood Pressure	Median (Minimum-Maximum)		p-value
Blood Pressure	Pre Test	Post Test	p-value
Systolic	180 (140-210)	170 (140-210)	0.001
Diastolic	90 (80-100)	80 (80-90)	0.000

Table 1 shows in the grade 3 blood pressure (severe hypertension) category a median value of 180, a mean value of 140, and a highest value of 210. After the post-test, systolic blood pressure decreased to grade 2 (moderate hypertension) with a median value of 170; the lowest value was 140, and the highest value was 210. Meanwhile, the diastolic blood pressure of the pre-test respondents is in the grade 1(mild hypertension) category with a median value of 90; the lowest value is 80, and the highest value is 100. After the post-test, the diastolic blood pressure decreased to normal with a median value of 80; the lowest value is 80, and the highest is 90.

DISCUSSION:

Table 1 shows that, before being given bay leaf decoction, the systolic blood pressure of hypertension patients was in the grade 3(severe hypertension) category, namely 180mmHg. After being given bay leaf decoction, it decreases to grade 2, namely 170mmHg. In contrast, before being given bay leaf decoction, the diastolic blood pressure of hypertension patients in the grade 1(moderate hypertension) category is 90mmHg. After being given bay leaf decoction, it decreases to normal, namely 80mm Hg. Researchers believe this is due to the intervention of giving bay leaf decoction.

Some examples of herbal plants that have the effect of lowering high blood pressure include bay leaves¹¹. Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis)is an evergreen perennial shrub that belongs to the laurel family (Lauraceae) and also using as essential ingredient in cooking for more than 1000 years¹². In addition to being used as a cooking spice, bay leaves are also used in herbal medicine to treat a variety of illnesses, including hypertension. The essential oils citrate and euganol, tamin, and flavonoids in the solution of bay leaves have the ability to lower blood pressure in those who suffer from hypertension¹³. Bay leaves contain active compounds that can lower blood pressure, namely flavonoids¹⁴. Another research also supported that bay leaves can help reduce or control blood pressure in pre-elderly with hypertension.¹⁵ Beside this bay leaf has been shown to possesses various biological activities such as wound healing activity, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, immunostimulant activity, anticholinergic activity, antifungal activity, insect repellant activity, anticonvulsant activity, antimutagenic activity, and analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity¹⁶.

In this research ten of the 26 respondents' blood pressure remained unchanged on the last day of giving bay leaf decoction. According to the researchers, this is because the respondents have finished doing strenuous activities in the garden. In addition, the respondent consumes salted fish, while 16 other respondents do not carry out strenuous activities or consume salted fish during the intervention.

CONCLUSION:

The study concluded that there is an effect of giving bay leaf decoction on reducing blood pressure in hypertension patients in the working area of South Lasalimu Public Health Center. However, this reduction does not provide a cure for hypertension patients.

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Received on 12.01.2023 Modified on 28.04.2023

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2024; 17(1):169-171.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00027